Hydro Power - 3834 Words

* WHICH TYPE OF HYDROELECTRIC SCHEME WOULD BE MOST USEFUL AND DESIRABLE FOR INDIA AND WHY? Run of the river with pondage would be the best suited option in India because * Operational, running and maintenance costs are low compared to other schemes of hydroelectricity. * It is a clean, pollution free and eco-friendly source of energy. * It is the only source of electricity generation in hilly and remote, inaccessible areas where generation from other sources or transmission of power over long distances would not be feasible. Cost of building the plant and return on investment is fast compared to large hydro and hence would attract many private investors to invest. * Rehabilitation and resettlement which is the major†¦show more content†¦It also provides multifarious benefits such as lower tariffs, infrastructure development in remote and hilly areas, rural electrification, flood protection, food mitigation, removal of anthropogenic waste from the water for free drinking water supply, irrigation, tourism etc. The earnings (or cost saved) from these benefits are ploughed into the social sector helping in overall national development. * ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION Hydropower relies on the water cycle, which is driven by the sun, thus its a renewable power source. Hydropower is a fuelled by water, so its a clean fuel source. It is better for the environment than other major sources of electrical power, which use fossil fuels. Hydropower plants do not emit the waste heat and gases—common with fossil-fuel driven facilities—which are major contributors to air pollution, global warming and acid rain. It is a non-polluting source of energy with high conversion efficiency and does not contribute to Green House Effect where as to generate Billion units by thermal generation, one million tonne of CO2 is released into atmosphere. The mining and drilling required to acquire fossil fuels for other power sources also cause significantShow MoreRelatedWind Power versus Hydro Power Essay2032 Words   |  9 Pages Wind Power vs. Hydro Power Sean Cox Saint Stephen School Grade 8 Ms.Mitchell April 3, 2014 Review of Literature: The topic of this literature review is wind power and hydropower. The purpose is discovering how wind power and hydropower influences the world and our lives.â€Å"Environmental science is the study of the interaction of the living and nonliving components of the environment with special emphasis on the impact of humans on these components. (Hartwick, What isRead MoreEnergy: What is Micro Hydro Power1098 Words   |  4 PagesMicro hydro power is a concept that has over the years been adopted as an alternative energy supply for communities whose access to a national grid is limited by a factor or two. In fact, hydro power is one of the oldest sources of energy used by the human civilization. It has been used for hundreds of years to turn waterwheels for the purpose of sawing logs, grinding grains, and the manufacture of cloths. From the last century, large scale hydro power plants have been used mainly for the generationRead MoreHydro And Thermal Power Infrastructure1761 Words    |  8 Pageschallenges facing the organization. These include: Rehabilitation of hydro and thermal power infrastructure currently in bad shape to increase capacity, maintenance of gas pipelines -pigging and address the issue of lack of gas supply. New equipment should be purchased to replace the old or obsoletes and the issue of lack of spare parts should also be addressed. Increase the security measure at grid structure to avoid vandalization of power towers and check mate the activities of staff to avoid illegalRead MoreHydro Electric Power1518 Words   |  7 PagesHydroelectric power: The Worlds Established Renewable Energy Resource For over a century, hydroelectric power has been used to generate electricity from falling water. The capacity to produce this energy is dependent on both the available flow and the height from which it falls. Hydroelectric dams create height for the water to fall and provide storage. In general, the higher the dam, the more potential energy is available. Building up behind a high dam, water accumulates potential energy. TheRead MoreRisk Management in Hydro Power5207 Words   |  21 PagesRisk Management In Hydro Power Plants – 18th African Hydro Symposium October 2006 By Joshua Chirikutsi – Zimbabwe Power Company- Kariba South Power station Abstract Hydro power plants like any other business encounter risks in all areas of its operations, but especially in the areas of producing and marketing electricity. As the Electricity supply industry reforms unfold the resultant deregulation brings in several market regulatory and trade related risks. The paper will discuss the generalRead MoreHydro Power Energy : Hydropower1741 Words   |  7 PagesHydro power energy Hydropower is the renewable energy contained in flowing water. Electricity generated using hydropower is known as hydroelectricity and is generally considered to be reliable. There are three main methods for generating hydroelectricity: Storage – where a dam collects water in a reservoir, then releases it to drive turbines, producing electricity Pumped storage – where water is pumped to a higher reservoir, usually during times of low-priced electricity, then released to a lowerRead MoreWhy The Manapouri Hydro Power Station1685 Words   |  7 PagesManapouri Hydro power station is an engineering marvel and to provide conclusions and recommendations to help any similar projects in the future. The information for this report was gathered from various sources such as websites, archives and media some of these were the national Prime TV, etv NZ, you tube program called† Manapouri the toughest tunnel† , the Meridian Energy website and the CPIT’s library archive system. The findings in the report state the main reasons why the Manapouri hydro powerRead MoreEffect Of Hydraulic On Hydro Power Stations1089 Words   |  5 Pagesis commonly found in closed conduits of hydropower station, water transmission networks, and liquid pipeline systems. Acute transients events in a hydraulic system often result from accidents and mishaps. Significant disturbances may occur in a hydro power station and causes a rapid change in the flow rate of the system during some operational conditions such as load rejection, load acceptances, and instant load rejection. This would, in turn, generates fluid transients in the hydraulic conveyanceRead MoreBenefits Of Solar Scale Renewable Energy3495 Words   |  14 Pagessmall-scale Renewable Energy (RE) technologies, their progress and prospects in developing countries. Specifically, five technologies will be given a closer look: tidal array, geothermal, anaerobic digestion, small-scale hydro (micro and mini), and small combin ed heat and power (CHP). The paper will explain the technologies and the setting in which they can be applied, and look at case studies from developing countries where small-scale RE are making a difference. A particular look at those fiveRead MoreHistorical Implication of Hydropower Essay1661 Words   |  7 Pagesa clean and cheap way to efficiently bring power to devel- oping countries. The use of small hydro, specifically both micro and pico hydro, can power a small village or group of houses with little to no environmental impact. Systems have been successfully implemented in both Brazil and other developing countries. The social and geographic character- istics of this region make it a perfect place to implement policy regarding the integration of small hydro into the rural setting. The first segment of

Autobiographical Memory Essay - 1022 Words

`Memory` is a label for a diverse set of cognitive capacities by which humans and perhaps other animals retain information and reconstruct past experiences, usually for present purposes. Autobiographical memory is a complex and multiply determined skill, consisting of neurological, social, cognitive, and linguistic components. At most beasic level, autobiographical memories refer to personally experienced past events. Over the past decade the research into autobiographical memory has led to an account of human memory in which personal goals play a major role in the formationk, access and construction of specific memories Episodic memory is reconceived as a memory system that retains highly detailed sensory perceptual knowledge of†¦show more content†¦Autobiographical memory contains the information you have about yourself. There are three different types of autobiographical memory. They include:personal memory, autobiographical fact, and generic personal memory. Pers onal memory consists of an image based representations of a single unrepeated event. The next type is autobiographical fact. This is identical to personal memory except for the fact that the memory is not image based. The final type of autobiographical memory is generic personal memory. This is similar to personal memory but the event is repeated or a series of similar events occur and are represented in a more abstract form. The psychologist William Brewer defines recollective episodic memory as a `reliving` of hte individual phenomenal experience from a specific moment in their past, accompanied by a belief that the remembered episode was personally experienced by the individual in their past . Significant psychological complexitiy is required, on such views, for genuine episodic remebering. The concept of `episodic memory was originally proposed by Tulving (1972) and later elaborated . We conceive of episodic memory as a system that contains experience-near, highly event s pecific, sensory-perceptual details of recent experiences-experiences that lasted for comparatively short periods of timeShow MoreRelatedNegative Effects Of Autobiographical Memory1065 Words   |  5 Pagesbias personal experiences, in particular, autobiographical memory. This essay will explore how the negative mood disorder, depression affects autographical memory and the role it plays. The topic was inspired by my own personal experiences with bipolar disorder, and during the depressive episodes I noted that my memory recollection was significantly worse during these times. Autobiographical memory, for the purposes of this essay, will refer to the memories one person has recollected throughout theirRead MoreAutobiographical Memory Errors : Episodic Memory1865 Words   |  8 PagesAutobiographical Memory Errors Episodic memory represents memories of experiences and specific events in time in a serial form, from which one can reconstruct the actual events that took place at any given point in our lives. It is the memory of autobiographical events (times, places, associated emotions and other contextual knowledge) that can be explicitly stated. Individuals tend to see themselves as actors in these events, and the emotional charge and the entire context surrounding an event isRead MoreEssay about Gender differences and autobiographical memories1599 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Autobiographical memory is essentially a system that contains episodic memories from individuals’ lives, autobiographical memory is what makes each and every one of us different to another, and essentially what forms the self, connecting us to others, history and the future. â€Å"Autobiographical memories from the mundane to the profound, help form the self, they provide personal historical context or personal biography for who we are now: they are in essence a ‘database’ of the self.†(ConwayRead MoreSubjective Happiness And Autobiographical Memories985 Words   |  4 Pagessubjective happiness and autobiographical memories, and the findings, even though the study can be a little limited, are actually interesting and could offer relevant and helpful data for future research. This essay will summarise the aforementioned study and critically evaluate Otake’s study on subjective happiness and autobiographical memory. The purpose of the study developed by Otake was to examine the relationship between subjective happiness and autobiographical memories, controlling the participants’Read MoreThe Accuracy And Validity Of Autobiographical Memory Among Individuals Who Have Experienced Childhood Sexual Abuse ( Csa )1478 Words   |  6 PagesThe accuracy and validity of autobiographical memory among individuals who have experienced childhood sexual abuse (CSA) has been questioned since these experiences are highly emotional and traumatic. Some individuals may believe that recovered memories through the use of therapy or spontaneously may be recalled in an effort to gain money in a court case or seek revenge against an individual. In order to examine whether this statement of a disbelief in the accounts of individual’s experience withRead MoreThe Effects Of Cocaine On The Brain1130 Words   |  5 Pagessession) and limited (1 hour per session) access to the cocaine. After the last administr ation of the drug the rats were given the task of completing a simple maze they had been conditioned to complete. Not only was the performance of this working memory task hindered, but the density of neurons and oligodendrocytes, which provide insulation to axons, in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex had decreased depending on the amount of cocaine consumed (more cocaine led to a lower density). Other researchersRead MoreChild Maltreatment And Its Effects On Children1373 Words   |  6 PagesMemory is the blueprint of an individual’s development and growth. Repeated experiences of things taken granted – such as learning to walk and learning to speak and write to express oneself – become encoded to ensure a smooth flow of information that help us adapt to the environment. However, children’s exposure to environmental stressors, depending on the exposure frequency and intensity, may impair the normal development of memory in children. This paper will evalu ate the role of child maltreatmentRead MoreCognitive Confusions Between Imagination And Memory986 Words   |  4 Pagesthat cognitive confusions between imagination and memory sometimes reflect increased activity in regions associated with visual imagery during memory encoding or retrieval. These findings provide information concerning the neural basis of imagination and memory that could be helpful in further developing jury instructions that explain how and why the former can be mistaken for the latter,† (Schacter Loftus 121). Although neuroimaging of false memories research has come a long way Schacter and LoftusRead MoreEffects Of Dieting On Memory : Dieting1172 Words   |  5 PagesRehan My research topic is the effects of dieting on memory. Dieting plays a major role in almost every humans life. Wanting to become part of the social norm is a goal that most people have trouble achieving. Being skinny is one of those troubles that force people away from the social norm. To become skinny one must work hard at either the gym or even home exercises or just have high metabolism forever. This exercise becomes a problem for the average person. Everyone is so busy with work, it becomesRead MoreEssay on Tips of Science of Memory865 Words   |  4 PagesYumeng Ma Psyc-101 Writing Assignment 1 From the reading of chapter 6 â€Å"Tips from the Science of Memory—for Studying and for Life†, I learned the science of memory and how to make my memory more effective. The main idea in this section is about how to memorize scientifically. No matter what model of memory we use, we can sharpen your memory by thinking deeply about the â€Å"material† of life and connecting the information to other things we know. Perhaps the one most well connected node or most

Subjectivity and Dynamic of Leadership †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Subjectivity and Dynamic of Leadership. Answer: Introduction: Leaders play a very important role in the organization as well as in the whole world. Most of the countries are democratic in nature and thus they require an effective leader to lead the country. Even the businesses are experiencing the nature of democracy and the employee opinions are becoming the important part to be considered. Without a good leaders and an effective leadership, there is no sense of having a good team. This is because of the team is not directed to work in a particular path that is correct; the efforts made by them will always waste. There are many definition that has been given to the concept of leader and leadership, but the crux of all the definitions suggests that leadership is the ability of the person to lead others and to guide them in order to show them the path on which they have to go so as to achieve the individual as well as organizational objectives. It has been analysed that there are many other situational context that needs to be considered at the time of leadership or leading others. This is because there are contingencies that affect the decision making process of the leaders at times. This is the quality of the good leader to handle the situation at its bet. This is because situations are the most important factors that affect the use of power of the leaders at the great extent. There are different theories that are kinks with leadership since years. The development of the businesses and the change in the skills and the demands of the market require different types of leadership (Avolio Yammarino, 2013). These are the situations that have evolved the leadership theories from years. The first theory that has been discussed formally about the leadership is the trait theory. This theory suggests that leaders are born and cannot be made. According to this theory, there are some characteristics and habits of good leaders that differentiate them from the ordinary leaders and these characteristics are believed to be in them since they were born. The concept of believing that leaders are born and the leadership skills are innate has dominated the era before Second World War (Sipe Frick, 2015). There were different traits that has been identified as the trait for being a good leaders such as self-efficacy, dominance, intelligence etc. this theory was criticized by some of the theorists and suggests that there is no concern of situation in their theory. With this, two new theories evolved called as transformational and transactional leadership. Transactional leadership is the leadership style that is believed to be worked as a contract between the leaders and the workers where the leaders makes the workers it work at the cost of rewarding them (Odumeru Ogbonna, 2013). It develops a work relationship between the leader and the workers. As per this theory, the leaders does not have some specific characterises but there have to develop the system that needs to be followed by their workers. This theory has formed the basis of the new type of leadership that is transformational leaders in which along with the characteristics of making the system; the leaders also possess some of the characteristics such as charisma, influencing power and relationship devilment tactics. As per this leadership, the leaders have to be trustworthy and thus influence the workers to work according to their beliefs and styles. Transformational leadership at that time was found to be the leadership that needs to be followed by the ideal leaders because this deals with devilment of individual along with the development of organizations (Parris Peachey, 2013). One of the characteristics that have been mentioned in the transformational leadership is charisma which forms a new type of leadership known as charismatic leadership. This is the kind of leadership that has some core characteristics such as visionary and creative thinking, future prediction of the trends and empathy towards their colleagues (Schyns, Kiefer, Kerschreiter Tymon, 2011) This was also faced some kind of criticism because of no relation of charisma and performance. It has been argued that the dark side of charismatic leadership that the leaders hide the signs of negative personality that they possess and it becomes too late for the organization to judge their characteristics thus even this theory cannot be justifiable for explaining the characteristics of the good leader. It has been analysed that various theoires have been postulated by different authors related to the traits of the people or the leaders but it has been identified that no one theory can be implemnetd at all the situations (Winkler, 2010). This is because of the changing environment and the situations in the organizations. In todays time where the things are changing rapidly and the demands of the market is altering with a great pace, it has been evidenced that no single characteristics or the set of characteristics can be determined to be good leader. As discussed in the above section, it has been analysed that even the great leaders or the leadership theories that were thought to be very effective and perfect have faced criticism because of one or the other issues (Lynch, 2012). It has been analysed that there is one of leadership style that is servant leadership in which the research has not been conducted to that extent. This type of leadership believes in focusing on the needs of the subordinates. It is the leadership that believes in developing the relationship of trust and empathy with the leaders and treating them fairly. Most of the leadership these days are adopting this style so as to consider the views and opinions of the employees by empowering the employees to share their views (Komives, Dugan Owen, 2011). Another trait of characters as per the current situations and the current changing environment is emotional intelligence. It is very much required for the leader to have intelligence quotient along with emotional intelligence. Emotional intelligence can be defined as the capabilities of the individual to assess own self in order to understand the situation of other people. Emotional intelligence includes five characterises that are self awareness, self regulation, motivation, empathy and social skills (Wampold Imel, 2015). These qualities need to be involved in the personality of the leader in order to understand the nature of self and also of other people. It has been argued that emotional intelligence is the personality trait that adds value to the leadership style of the leaders. It provides the capability to the leader to know about his own strengths and flaws so that he can easily manage to understand other emotional aspects as well (Jenkins, 2013). This also helps the leaders to regulate their emotions as per the situations. If a person is capable of knowing his emotions he can easily regulate the same when the situation arises. It is required by the leaders to have the regulation ability in order to show their emotions to an extent till it is required by the situations and not more or less than that. There are some characteristics that the subordinates look into their leaders and having those qualities make a leader a good leader. These qualities can be defined as asset of particular traits but they differ as per the requirements and needs of the subordinates as well as the situations (Warrick, 2011). Gaining accep tance as leaders among the democratic society is itself challenge for the leaders these days. This is because everyone has their own mind sets and requirements and thus it becomes hard for the leaders to consider the situations very person every time. There are different characteristics that have been expected out of the leaders. Communication is one of the most impacts of them. This is because if the leaders do not have the skills to communicate with the other person than it becomes very difficult to deal with the people and make them understand the directions to work properly. It has been concluded from the above discussion that it is not required to define the sets of characteristics of the leaders every time. It is required to understand the situation by the leaders before making any decisions to handle the same. There are some basic traits that make the persona good leader such as charisma, empathy, intelligence, self-efficacy and emotional intelligence these days (Maxwell, 2011). This is because the people are lot more sensitive these days. They need emotional as well as professional support at the workplace to perform efficiently. Thus, it is required by the person to have emotional connection with the subordinates so as to be the good leader. Considering the contingency and situation is very important aspect along with having great communication skills. References: Avolio, B. J., Yammarino, F. J. (Eds.). (2013). Introduction to, and overview of, transformational and charismatic leadership. InTransformational and Charismatic Leadership: The Road Ahead 10th Anniversary Edition(pp. xxvii-xxxiii). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Jenkins, R. (2013). What makes a good leader.The Chronicle of Higher Education. Komives, S. R., Dugan, J. P., Owen, J. E. (2011).The handbook for student leadership development. John Wiley Sons. Lynch, M. (2012).A guide to effective school leadership theories. Routledge. Maxwell, J. C. (2011).The 360 Degree Leader with Workbook: Developing Your Influence from Anywhere in the Organization. Thomas Nelson Inc. Odumeru, J. A., Ogbonna, I. G. (2013). Transformational vs. transactional leadership theories: Evidence in literature.International Review of Management and Business Research,2(2), 355. Schyns, B., Kiefer, T., Kerschreiter, R., Tymon, A. (2011). Teaching implicit leadership theories to develop leaders and leadership: How and why it can make a difference.Academy of Management Learning Education,10(3), 397-408. Warrick, D. D. (2011). The urgent need for skilled transformational leaders: Integrating transformational leadership and organization development.Journal of leadership, Accountability, and Ethics,8(5), 11-26. Winkler, I. (2010).Contemporary leadership theories: Enhancing the understanding of the complexity, subjectivity and dynamic of leadership. Springer Science Business Media. Parris, D. L., Peachey, J. W. (2013). A systematic literature review of servant leadership theory in organizational contexts.Journal of business ethics,113(3), 377-393. Sipe, J. W., Frick, D. M. (2015).Seven pillars of servant leadership: Practicing the wisdom of leading by serving. Paulist Press.

Story of an Hour Essay Example

Story of an Hour Essay 1) Chopin heavily utilizes symbolism in her story. Describe three symbols in detail, making sure you discuss their relevance to the storys themes. 2) Mrs. Mallard is described as suffering from a heart condition. How does this malady affect her character and the events in the story? 3) Analyze the plot structure of the story. Is there any foreshadowing? What would you say is the climax of the story? 4) Does this story provide a feminist theme? Why or why not? There are three main details in â€Å"The story of an hour† Mrs. Mallard is an independence woman, role of woman in marriage life and self-assertion. Mrs. Mallard has a heart problem so is very difficult for people around her announce for her about the death of her husband. However, not like any reaction from any women we could imagine, she just weeps at once and comes back to her room by herself. â€Å"When the storm of grief had spent itself she went away to her room alone†. Even with the serious heart problem but she is very strong underneath. She overcomes the pain of the loss of her husband and accepts truth that she has to keep moving forward by herself. â€Å"And she opened and spread her arms out to them [long years in future] in welcome†. We will write a custom essay sample on Story of an Hour specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Story of an Hour specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Story of an Hour specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Moreover, the woman’s role in marriage life is one of the theme of the story. In the old time, there is no freedom for married people, especially woman. Even though Mrs. Mallard had been loved by her husband a lot, but when she knows that he passed away, she is waiting for her freedom to come. â€Å"†Free! Body and soul free! † she kept whispering†. And self- assertion is the most important ideal that the author want to mention. People always love themselves the most. Even the love for other is still exist, but in the deepest part of their mind they would always put themselves in the most important role. As Mrs. Mallard, even she has a heartbroken for the death of her husband but since then her self-assertion is show up clearly. â€Å"But she saw beyond that bitter moment a long procession of years to come that would that belong to her absolutely†. She is waiting for the time to spend her life by her own without any bending for anyone, include her be-loved husband. Mrs. Mallard has a heart problem so everyone around her always worried for her sickness getting bad. When they want to tell her the bad news about her husband, they have to find the way â€Å"as gentle as possible† to start. Because of that problem, she seems very quiet in the family. After weeping for her husband’s bad news, she goes back to her room and would not let anyone follow her. Sitting in her room and let many thoughts come through her mind without making any noise except some whispering â€Å"free, free, free! †. It does not have too many conversion between her and people around, most of the time is the thoughts in her mind. Her room remains silence until her sister asking her to open the door for her. When Mrs. Mallard heard about her husband’s death, she is looking forward to spend the rest of her life in freedom. Her life had been tighten up with her husband in such a long time, and since now it is the time for her to live for herself without the control of anyone. For me, the climax of the story is when Mr. Mallard come back in front of everyone in the house. Besides his wife, his friend and his sister in law are also very shocked to see him back because they strongly believe that he was killed in the accident. And Mrs. Mallard after the heartbroken moment for his death, the exciting moment to spend her own life in the future, and now seeing him come back surprisingly. With every shocking news come in a short time, her heart could not take it. I think there is the feminist theme in this story based on the way Mrs. Mallard reaction in front of her husband bad news. In the old time, woman are not appreciated as man. Even between Mr. and Mrs. Mallard has love, but she still lives under the control of her husband. Therefore, after the short moment weeping for his death, she is immediately plan for her future life. She excited to spend her life by her own.

Free Essays on Flame Heart

. The descriptions in ‘Flame-Heart’ illuminate the type of landscape McKay would have seen in his youth. A semi-tropical place overflowing with fruit and flowers. ‘What time the apples come to juice, and what month brings the shy forget-me-not,’ expresses in detail two features now absent from his life. Several time’s the ‘poinsettia’s blood red in warm December’ is mentioned. This is the one thing the author recalls clearly and can not forget. Everything else in his mind is blurred together, like some lovely painting, but he can’t forget the poinsettias. It seems as if this memory opens up others, which he has stored in the back of his mind. Memories about his days as a schoolboy come back to ... Free Essays on Flame Heart Free Essays on Flame Heart In his poem, ‘Flame-Heart‘, Claude McKay expresses his longing for his homeland in a romantic fashion with non-racial themes. He uses vivid descriptions to show a great love of his home, Jamaica, conveying it’s loveliness. Rhyme scheme and stylized nature also play a role in McKay’s highly reminiscent work. ‘Flame-Heart’ is a poem in the traditional romantic style, resembling the works of Shelley and Wordsworth in its fashion. Serving as a sort of introduction, the first stanza is free flowing and lovely in its descriptions. ’Purple Apples’, ’doves brown the fields,’ ’poinsettia’s red’ and other such descriptions permeate the poem almost to the point of painting it with color. The portrayals of every faucet of his youth are romanticized, from skipping school to the flight of birds. Words such as ’sweet,’ ’fling,’ and ’innocent’ romanticize the work, softening the descriptions used so prevalently. The rhyme scheme of the poem is a-b-a-b nearly throughout the entire second stanza, which is loosely styled as a sonnet. The last two lines end in a couplet using ‘remember’ and ‘December.’ Throughout McKay’s entire work, his homeland is pictured in th e richest of words. The descriptions in ‘Flame-Heart’ illuminate the type of landscape McKay would have seen in his youth. A semi-tropical place overflowing with fruit and flowers. ‘What time the apples come to juice, and what month brings the shy forget-me-not,’ expresses in detail two features now absent from his life. Several time’s the ‘poinsettia’s blood red in warm December’ is mentioned. This is the one thing the author recalls clearly and can not forget. Everything else in his mind is blurred together, like some lovely painting, but he can’t forget the poinsettias. It seems as if this memory opens up others, which he has stored in the back of his mind. Memories about his days as a schoolboy come back to ...

Qu son los delitos de conducta inmoral y consecuencias

Qu son los delitos de conducta inmoral y consecuencias Los delitos inmorales tienen enormes  consecuencias negativas tanto para los migrantes -legales e indocumentados- como para las personas  que desean visitar o emigrar a Estados Unidos. Y es que estos delitos, conocidos en inglà ©s como crimes of  moral turpitude o CMT o ICMT, afectan a la capacidad para sacar todas visas no inmigrantes, como por ejemplo la de turista. Tambià ©n son causa para que se rechace la obtencià ³n de la tarjeta de residencia, tambià ©n conocida como green card. Asimismo, los delitos inmorales son causa de deportacià ³n y, finalmente, tambià ©n pueden impedir la obtencià ³n de la ciudadanà ­a estadounidense por naturalizacià ³n. Por todas estas razones en este artà ­culo se explican cules  son las felonà ­as o delitos inmorales y cà ³mo afecta a cada una de las situaciones que pueden presentarse y quà © se puede hacer en estos casos.  ¿Cules son los delitos inmorales? No hay ninguna ley que diga cules son. De hecho, ninguna persona es formalmente acusada y enjuiciada por un delito de conducta inmoral. Entonces,  ¿quà © son? Segà ºn la Corte de Apelaciones de Inmigracià ³n (BIA, por sus siglas en inglà ©s), los delitos inmorales son conductas molestas que atentan contra la moralidad de la sociedad, bien porque su autor actuà ³ con una intencià ³n realmente mala (evil) o porque actuà ³ sin ningà ºn cuidado o consideracià ³n, incluso con temeridad.  ¿Quià ©n decide que un delito o una falta es inmoral, que es moral turpitude? Las agencias del gobierno, como el Servicio de Ciudadanà ­a e Inmigracià ³n, conocido como USCIS en inglà ©s, o los oficiales consulares. Y por supuesto las Cortes de Inmigracià ³n. Hay que destacar que no hay opinià ³n unnime y que la misma conducta puede ser considerada de manera distinta segà ºn la persona a la que le corresponda valorarlas. En todo caso, a continuacià ³n se enuncia una lista de acciones que, segà ºn las circunstancias del caso, han sido catalogadas consistentemente como delitos inmorales, destacando que muchas de ellas estn catalogadas como delitos (felonies), pero otras son, en la mayorà ­a de los casos, simples faltas desde el punto de vista penal (misdemeanors). Pero eso no es obstculo para que sean considerados delitos inmorales a la hora de aplicar las leyes migratorias. Adems, hay que subrayar que algunos de los delitos de conducta inmoral se consideran tambià ©n como agravados. Si se califican como agravados, las consecuencias son incluso ms graves. Listado de delitosy faltas que pueden ser calificados como inmorales Delitos de conducta inmoral contra la propiedad: Extorsionar, hurtar, robar, transportar con conocimiento mercancà ­a robada o aceptarla.Defraudar mediante representacià ³n falsa. Es decir, presentando a sabiendas un hecho falso como si fuese verdadero para poder defraudar a otra persona.Alterar un documento con el objeto de lograr que otra persona, la và ­ctima, entregue un tà ­tulo o escritura de propiedad.Destruir maliciosamente propiedad pà ºblica o privada.Provocar un incendio o realizar una falsificacià ³n con el fin de cometer un delito contra la propiedad.Desfalcar, malversar fondos o chantajear. Delitos de conducta inmoral contra la Autoridad: Evadir a sabiendas el pago de impuestos, esconder tambià ©n con conocimiento a un fugitivo de la justicia.Falsificar dinero.Cometer perjurio.Tambià ©n forman parte de esta categorà ­a de crà ­menes obtener dinero u otra cosa de valor mediante un fraude cometido por medio del sistema de Correos.Cohecho, es decir, un soborno en el que la persona que pide o recibe dinero u otra clase de beneficio es un funcionario pà ºblico o un miembro de la Autoridad. Delitos de conducta inmoral contra las personas: Abandonar voluntariamente a un nià ±o, cuando como resultado el menor quede en situacià ³n de dificultad econà ³mica o contribuir a que el menor cometa un delito. (El no pagar la pensià ³n alimenticia a un hijo puede ser considerado como un delito inmoral. Asà ­ el hijo està © en EEUU o en otro paà ­s).Participar en un tumulto en el que se produzca una alteracià ³n del orden pà ºblico.Agredir a otra persona o bien con un arma peligrosa o bien con la intencià ³n de robar, asesinar, violar o causar lesiones.Tambià ©n estn incluidos en estos crà ­menes el asesinato, el secuestro, el homicidio voluntario e incluso el involuntario, cuando se el autor haya sido manifiestamente imprudente, excepto en los casos de accidentes de trfico que no se consideran como una falta moral, a menos que haya habido consumo de drogas, alcohol, exceso de velocidad a todas luces temerario. Delitos contra la libertad y la moral sexual: Bigamia, o estar casado con ms de una persona al mismo tiempoIncesto y estupro, entendido este à ºltimo como una relacià ³n sexual de un adulto con un menor de edad que ya ha alcanzado la adolescencia, aunque dicha relacià ³n sea consentida por el menor.Violacià ³nProstitucià ³nFraude de paternidad, es decir, que una mujer declare que un determinado hombre es el padre biolà ³gico de un nià ±o a sabiendas de que el verdadero padre es otro, generalmente por interà ©s econà ³mico.Actos de naturaleza sexual en los que no hay tocamiento con la và ­ctima, como por ejemplo exposicià ³n en pà ºblico y ante otra persona de las partes à ­ntimas.Actos lujuriosos y obscenos inapropiados (lewdness), como mantener relaciones à ­ntimas en pà ºblico. Consecuencias migratorias de los delitos inmorales Los delitos inmorales pueden afectar a asuntos tan distintos como la deportacià ³n, denegacià ³n de visas no inmigrantes, denegacià ³n de la green card y no aprobacià ³n de la peticià ³n de naturalizacià ³n para obtener la ciudadanà ­a estadounidense. Como causas de deportacià ³n, recordar que los extranjeros que se encuentran en Estados Unidos pueden ser deportados dependiendo del tipo de infraccià ³n que cometan. En el caso especà ­fico de cà ³mo los delitos inmorales pueden ser causa de deportacià ³n de los residentes permanentes legales decir que puede suceder si: se cometieron en los cinco primeros aà ±os que siguieron a la  entrada en EEUU y la sentencia fue de, al menos, un aà ±o.Se cometieron 2 o ms delitos inmorales desde la fecha en que fue admitido a Estados Unidos legalmente. Dependiendo del caso, podrà ­a obtenerse una forma de alivio frente a la deportacià ³n segà ºn los lazos familiares, tiempo de estancia en los Estados Unidos, etc. Eso siempre que el delito inmoral no sea, al mismo tiempo, un delito agravado. Porque estos à ºltimos permiten menos opciones. Adems, los delitos inmorales pueden ser causa de lo que se conoce como inadmisibilidad. Esto opera de distintas formas. Por ejemplo, es causa para la denegacià ³n de la green card tanto cuando se tramita por ajuste de estatus o por medio de un procedimiento consular. Asimismo, los delitos inmorales convierten en inadmisibles a los extranjeros que desean ingresar a EEUU con una visa no inmigrante o sin visa por pertenecer a un paà ­s en el Programa de Exencià ³n de Visas.   La inadmisibilidad aplica por delito inmoral cuando la condena mxima que se puede recibir es de ms de un aà ±o. Tambià ©n cuando se ha sido sentenciado a ms de seis meses de reclusià ³n. En estos dos la regla no aplica cuando se cometià ³ el delito con menos de 18 aà ±os y ya han pasado al menos 5 desde la fecha en que se abandonà ³ la prisià ³n o el correccional. Tambià ©n se es inadmisible cuando se han cometido dos o ms delitos inmorales. En este caso no hay excepcià ³n por cuestià ³n de edad. En los casos de inadmisibilidad podrà ­a solicitarse un perdà ³n, tambià ©n conocido como waiver o permiso. Si bien hay que tener en cuenta que se piden ms requisitos en el caso de que el perdà ³n fuera necesaria para obtener una visa inmigrante (residencia permanente). En estos casos de visas inmigrantes la ley contempla dos supuestos en los que se puede aprobar el perdà ³n. En primer lugar, si ya han pasado ms de 15 aà ±os desde que se cometià ³ el delito inmoral y la persona ha sido rehabilitada o, en segundo lugar, si la persona ha sido pedida por uno de sus padres, cà ³nyuges o hijos que son ciudadanos americanos o residentes permanentes legales y se puede probar que se da el requisito de dureza extrema. Por à ºltimo, los delitos inmorales tambià ©n afectan a la naturalizacià ³n para obtener la ciudadanà ­a estadounidense porque o se cumple el requisito de buen carcter moral. Es muy importante asesorarse porque en la prctica muchos de estos casos dan lugar al inicio de un proceso de deportacià ³n. La importancia de abogado en casos de delitos inmorales Los delitos inmorales pueden provocar consecuencias muy graves. Adems, tienen el problema de que no hay un listado cerrado de acciones que pueden ser asà ­ calificadas por lo que a veces hay una situacià ³n poco clara sobre posibles efectos. Tambià ©n hay que tener en cuenta que para tener problemas no es necesaria la condena, ya que es suficiente la admisià ³n de haber cometido un delito inmoral. Por esta razà ³n, es muy importante contar con los servicios y asesorà ­a de un abogado que entienda las posibles consecuencias migratorias de estos actos, y no solo las penales. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

The BRICS Nations in International Business Research Paper

The BRICS Nations in International Business - Research Paper Example The paper tells that the emergence and importance of the BRICS in international business is a reality that for years had been underestimated. The BRICS nations have important roles to play in international business as players and partners. It is, however, paramount that we first understand the term BRICS, before we can give a detailed description of each country’s economy. The word BRICS is an acronym for the world’s largest and strongest emerging economies. These countries are Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. They are now considered as significant as other global players are and have consequently shifted economic status, from developing to emerging economies. This is because of the rapid and exponential growth that is witnessed in these economies, with statistics indicating that their contribution to the growth of the world’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) being very significant. In the past decade, the BRICS contributed to more than half of the wor ld’s growth in GDP. The population of these economies has also been singled out as a unique feature. These economies alone constitute half, or a little under half, of the world’s population. Analysts have however pointed to the fact that these economies rarely have anything in common. Their demographic compositions, governance styles, and type of economies, are all different. They may have one or two similarities in their economies but have very little in common. This is the beauty that has been associated with these economies, that despite having very little to share, they each have independently affected global business in ways that are not only noticeable but also strongly profound and significant. These impacts to international business include increased trade levels, increased funding of development or development financing, and donor funding, earlier only a preserve of the western countries. Having looked at the economies forming the BRICS in general, let us now examine them individually.

The Black Death in Western Europe Research Paper

The Black Death in Western Europe - Research Paper Example Larger cities were the worst affected because more densely populated areas spread the disease more quickly than rural areas due to poor sanitary conditions existing at that time. The plague would come to a region, last for approximately a year, kill roughly one-third of the population then move on to another area. Most historians believe that more than one-third of Europe’s entire human population (20 to 30 million people) died between 1347 and 1351. The massive numbers of deaths were not the Plague’s only consequence, however. It also affected the political, social and economic landscape of this large area of the world. The poorest segment of society was the most affected because they were more likely to reside in unhealthy conditions and had insufficient means by which to safeguard their health. The massive decline in population caused the economy of all European nations to be negatively affected with an expected surplus of food supplies and other products. â€Å"Pri ces fell greatly which allowed those that survived the Plague to enjoy more wealth which stimulated the economies in the respective regions. However, when more money is being circulated, inflation is generally the byproduct which caused prices to steadily rise, causing economies to again suffer.† 1 The Black Death changed everyday life in all types of communities. Larger towns were the most affected overall because they were major trade centers but when the disease hit smaller towns and villages the awful results were extremely destructive to the communal harmony. In the smaller towns, everyone knew and depended on everyone else but after the Plague’s outbreak people turned away from their neighbors, family and friends whom they had known their entire lives. The Plague spread terror throughout the community largely due to the mysterious quality of the disease. Its extremely contagious nature changed people’s attitudes regarding the significance of community. â₠¬Å"People abandoned their friends and family, fled cities, and shut themselves off from the world. Funeral rites became perfunctory or stopped altogether, and work ceased being done.† 2 Gradually, community officials implemented a method to help eradicate the Plague from a community. Isolating victims helped to keep it from spreading as quickly but this technique also heartlessly stigmatized large sectors of a community. Those that exhibited symptoms were forced to remain in their homes. Naturally, this method resulted in a death sentence for the victim and their family. â€Å"From these and many similar or worse occurrences, there came about such fear and such fantastic notions among those who remained alive that almost all of them took a very cruel attitude in the matter; that is, they completely avoided the sick and their possessions; and in doing so, each one believed that he was protecting his good health.† 3 The massive panic was accompanied by widespread isolatio n which grew progressively more extreme as the number of dead mounted. Those infected and their families became progressively more secluded and shunned when they most needed the emotional understanding and physical care from neighbors and friends. â€Å"The fact was that one citizen avoided another that almost no one cared for his neighbor, and that relatives rarely or hardly ever visited each other. They stayed far apart.†

The Heart and Mind in Decision-Making Essay Example for Free

The Heart and Mind in Decision-Making Essay I chose â€Å"Dear Diary: My Heart is racing to buy a car† to reflect and it seems interesting to me because it is one of the very unusual and common human trait to decide upon the conflict between calls from heart and mind. This is a situation which almost every human faces one day or the other. Jamie had an average financial background though when he saw his dream car he was moved to an extent that he thought of sacrificing his professional and personal needs to live his dream owning a red Mustang with powerful engine sound. It is always challenging to decide upon the conflict that arises because of intuition and logic. I believe a good and influential leader is one who can firmly decide upon the conflict between intuition and logic and takes decisions in interest of oneself and the group of people he is leading. The decision may also be influenced by the values and behavior of particular leader. There should be a sense of balance between two calls which has to be looked upon with all perspective. I was in same dilemma as Jamie when I passed my secondary exam and I was supposed to choose major between math and biology in higher secondary. To overcome the confusion upon the choices I took help from my dad and logically we concluded that I should take math as major and look for career in engineering. The second concept which was underlined throughout the case was that though he was aware of both the pros and cons of buying of both the cars but he tried to seek help from others in deciding rather than sticking to his own decision. A good leader should have the right attitude to seek suggestion upon his/her decision if he/she is being acted upon heart versus mind conflict. A successful leader also seeks suggestion from peer groups for answers. To conclude I believe that mind analyses things logically and strives to arrive at a decision. If the analysis leads to confusion then ask your heart as it is as logical as our mind is. Information is constantly exchanged between them and the decision making depends on a lot of logic in most of the cases. If the mind adds subtracts, the heart multiplies and divides! No wonder the saying listen to your heart when in confusion may holds well at times.

Key Industry Trends regarding H & R Block :: essays research papers

Key Industry Trends Economics   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many factors of the economy help to indicate certain trends in the tax industry. The Gross Domestic Product has been calculated at an increase of 3.9% the first quarter of 2004. Consumer spending has also increased .4% from the last year. Both of these statistics may indicate an upward trend in the nation’s economy. A consumer may have more disposable income therefore, they may be more apt to spend their extra money on a tax preparation service. This would reveal a positive effect for H&R Block. The unemployment rate has increased nationally while the employment rate is decreasing. This may result in a decrease of the amount of tax returns that H&R Block files annually, due to the amount of taxpayers that have become unemployed. Either these people may have no taxes to file due to their job loss, or they may not have the extra money to pay for a tax preparation service. If a person is out of work then they may have the extra time to file their taxes in thei r own time. Demographics   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are many trends in national population characteristics that indicate both opportunities and threats to H&R Block. The U.S. Census Bureau predicts that the U.S. will experience a large increase of the Hispanic, Asian, and many other ethnic populations. This will create a large demand for employees that are at least bi-lingual. H&R Block also has an opportunity to open temporary offices in parts of the country that would benefit consumers requiring an employee to speak their native language.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The U.S. Census Bureau has also indicated an increase in the percentage of the nation’s population that is college educated. This may pose a threat to the tax preparation industry. A person that has received at least a 4-year college degree may obtain the knowledge to prepare their own taxes, thus eliminating their demand for a tax preparation service. On the other hand, their college education may indicate an ability to earn a better income, so they would require the services of an organization like H&R Block.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  With the baby boomers now entering their fifties, birthrates indicate fewer births and more deaths among the population. This would obviously result in less people needing to file taxes, therefore less demand for a tax preparation service. It is important for an organization to analyze the appropriate economic factors and respond with the correct actions so that they may maintain a competitive advantage within their industry.

Britain in the second World War Essay

Britain in the second World War: the Evacuation of British Children Explain the differing reactions of people in Britain to the policy of evacuating children during the Second World War. There were a variety of reactions towards the evacuation of children in World War 2. Everyone was affected by the evacuation but the main reaction was that it was needed. I am going to look at different groups and what their reactions would have been towards the evacuation. Firstly I think I should look at the children themselves. Many children would have wanted the evacuation, as they would be concerned for their safety. Children would naturally be afraid of air bombings and the sound and sights of bombs would horrify them. If it meant they were safe I’m sure they wouldn’t mind leaving their homes. Well I definitely think that the more mature children would definitely not mind leaving. Many children then lived in poverty, and would not get to go on holiday; this would then be like a long holiday for them. Many children enjoyed the evacuation as they experienced new sights and new surroundings. An example of this is in the † A Coursework Sources Booklet On : the evacuation of British children in the Second World War†. On page 6 source 14, a boys says, â€Å"instead of having to play cricket in the garden, we went bird nesting†. This suggests that the boy did not enjoy playing cricket, but was enjoy himself more when evacuated. But I’m not forgetting this is only the reaction of one boy. But there were some children who would get homesick or not enjoy themselves. This can be expected when you put young children into new surroundings and they would have been scared. In the booklet, page 4, source N it quotes â€Å"And hot water from a tap. And there was a lavatory upstairs. And carpets. And something called an eiderdown. And clean sheets. This was all very odd. I didn’t like it. it was scary. † This shows that even though this person was now living in better conditions, they were not happy were they were and they would rather be home. I think it depended on your host. If you liked them, then you would likely enjoy yourself. If you didn’t like them the majority hated it. I will now look at the reaction of the mothers. I think the majority of mothers would have felt the evacuation was correct and would have felt reassured that the Government was taking some action and getting the children to safety. The mothers would also like the evacuation because they would benefit. They could now concentrate more on work now and in the view of the economy this was an advantage of the evacuation. Knowing that their children were now safe and weren’t in danger of their school being bombed, they could work more efficiently and harder, therefore producing more artillery for example. If the mothers were working harder at work they would be tired at home and therefore if the children were away they wouldn’t have to worry about them misbehaving, or getting into trouble, but they could now relax more. Also they would be better off financially, they may be getting better wages as they had time for over-time, and the didn’t have to spend money on the children or as much food etc. But some mothers may not like it as much as others, as they may worry about their children being away from them. They may worry that their temporary â€Å"parents† did not treat them well or feed the well etc. Some may feel that they would be safer at home â€Å"though this was obviously no the case). They may also find themselves very lonely, their husbands had gone and now their children, and there now would be less help around the house Also mothers are very protective of their children and they may worry that their children may get ill or hurt, and if this was the case they would feel they should be there to care for them. I now think it is appropriate to look at the reaction of the fathers. As with the mothers I feel the majority of fathers would welcome the evacuations, as they could respect that it was for their safety. They would welcome it as it would be very comforting knowing their children were safe, and they knew that if they felt this way they could fight with more heart, effort and overall increase moral. So contributing to the war effort.

Management: Setting Goals Essay

1. In your university, professors likely have objectives regarding teaching, research, and service to the university. From your perspective, what are the relative priorities of these three objectives? If you could, how would you change these priorities and why? I think that the top priority of the professors is research. Professors had to do research to generate leading-edge knowledge. Moreover, they can find the right and fun ways of teaching by doing research. For example, my marketing teacher makes learning an extremely fun activity by implementing outside sources such as videos and pictures into classroom lectures. He does not get those ideas straight from the textbooks instead he does researches to find those outside sources. On the other hand, professors that don’t do research will teach straight from the text and makes lectures boring and dull. Therefore, their second top priority would be teaching. Teaching always have to follow immediately after Research. Because they need research in order to provide quality teaching. Then the last priority would be service to universities. I think teaching is already considered as providing service to the university, therefore other extra service to the university by professors would be of choice, such as providing tutoring during office hours. I don’t think it’s a requirement of the professors but it will sure be a plus. 4. Thank about the last goal you set for yourself. How SMART was it? The last goal I set for myself was to lose ten pounds in two months, which I don’t think was a smart goal. Because I wasn’t specific enough in setting the goal, losing 10 pounds is too vague. I should’ve state the goal in specific terms such as eating healthy or exercise more in order to lose that weight. Moreover, the goal itself was too unrealistic. I was too naà ¯ve to think that I could lose 10 pounds in two months without rebounding. I should’ve assumed a more realistic time frame which might be five months instead of two. Also, I did not commit to achieving my goal. Losing weight involves eating right and exercise, but after the second week, I gave up on exercising and started eating junk food. Overall, my goal isn’t quite a smart one. Closing case essay: What adjustments would you make at this point? Would you cancel the program or run it at a loss? I would access another $15,000 from the general contingency budget. Since Pam originally considered that it would take about 18 participants for the program to break even financially, since there’s only 10 now, she needs eight more in order to break even. Since there’s only four weeks left before the start of the program, there will be a very small chance for the number of participants to reach 18. Since most of them had already inquired about the program and showed no interest during the first few weeks. Therefore the only way to keep the program going is to run it at a loss. I would run it at a loss because human capital is a firm’s most important internal resource. A group of senior executives trained by excellent leadership programs would definitely enhance a firm’s success. Therefore I evaluate the gain over the loss. 3. What do you think went wrong? What do you see as the strengths and weaknesses of the planning process? LDC did a great job in setting objectives and developing action plans. The companies set the objective that training senior executives would more likely encourage mid-level managers to participate because they would recommend and approve training requests for mid-level managers. Moreover, they measure the objective in three ways. First, the number of participants taking the first program would be monitored, and calculated that it would take 18 participants for the program to break even financially. Second, she would survey all participants regarding their satisfaction with the program. Finally, LDC would track the number of mid-level managers from the companies of those attending the senior executive program to determine if there was an increased participation level overtime. These are great measurements of the objective determined by Pam. However, she did not quite do a great job in analyzing the firm’s external environment. Originally she made the measurement that 18 participant would be needed in order to break even financially, she did not generate actions to be taken if there were only 10 participants, therefore she failed at developing constingency plans.

Ethic and Contemporary Issues in Multimedia and IT

Ethic and Contemporary Issues in Multimedia and IT Professional code of conduct as well as ethics is important in an individual’s way of live and work. This is of great importance to the world of technology that includes multimedia and information technology sectors. The Multimedia and IT field in the recent years have shown great improvement due to advancement in internet through the use of optical fibber that have led to social networks sites such as the twitter, Facebook, and the bloggers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Ethic and Contemporary Issues in Multimedia and IT specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition, the development of internet gadgets such as mobile phones, modems, laptops and the networking of computers have posed a great threat to the ethics of multimedia and IT. The increase in use of these sites and other IT related gadgets have brought the maintenance and integrity of ethics in the communication and media field to a threat. According t o the media associations, the work of the media and IT is to inform people about the happenings of the world and a means of communication that would bring growth rather than disasters. However, the main objective of the communication and media field has changed as in the recent cases of the Arab countries. In Egypt, during the Anti-Mubarak protests, the protesters used the social networks to organize themselves, spread rumours, and keep each other informed of the progress of the protests Sharp (2011, p. 2). They used several forms of communication especially the use of social networks. Sharp (2011, p. 2) asserts that after the government realized the role of the media to the protests, they blocked all forms of media including the use of internet. In addition, in 2009 the social networks such as Facebook, Twitter, and bloggers and Yu tube played a great role in organization of protests to show their feelings after the result Kamalipour (2010, p. 62). Kamalipour (2010, p. 62) further asserts that this social media sites informed the world on the situation in Iran. Like in Egypt, the Iranian government responded by blocking the use of internet in Iran, especially the social network sites Kamalipour (2011, p. 62). The media was further used to send rumours of the situation on the grounds such as the magnitude of the people killed by the riot police as they tried to seek for sympathizers from the world Sharp (2011, p. 9). During these instances, the media generally focus only on one of the parties involved. For instance during the Egypt protests the major focus was on the killings of the protestors by the riot police. The media and communication ethic on public matter has been to preach peace and unity but in several instances, the media has caused political instability. Further, media has spread hate speeches and rumours either between political affiliates or between countries.Advertising Looking for essay on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Several nations have experienced political instabilities in the recent years due to the conflicting information passed through the media or through social networks. For instance in many countries after elections, tribal clashes are highly initiated by the tallying proceedings that are broadcasted in different stations. Communication and media ethics further dictate that media has the right to influence the people’s morals in a positive manner. However, with the extensive use of internet, TV’s, video films and video games, media has influenced the moral behaviours of many youths. The use of media have exposed people to several programs, movies and sites that are not worth to be viewed by different kinds of people. For instance, young people who have access to internet on their phones and private laptops have been exposed to information that has influenced their behaviours. Technology advancement has affected the morals of the people as they are exposed to them. Further, the media and IT ethics have been affected by the increase in media and IT crimes. With the improved technology, the knowledge of people has greatly changed causing a great threat in the media fields. The cases of cyber crimes and cyber burying have tremendously increased with time. This has put the security of the people and government at risk. Cyber crimes such as cyber theft where thieves steal through the internet by getting access to other peoples accounts have increased. Other cyber crimes include hackling of websites and email addresses, the use of email to send spam messages to other people. People use the media to send messages in request of ransoms for an internet crime committed or to con other people over the internet. Further, IT has been used to impersonate and in copyrights. Copyrighting being a crime has violated many people’s rights. Those who perpetuate these crimes copy and sell the pirated copies for the ir own benefit. Further, there are media sources that cause fear to the audience or the people. In May 2006, an American TV (ABC) aired a movie in name â€Å"Fatal Contact: bird Flu in America† Perebinossoff (2008, p. 75-76) that had excessive and rumours of the H5N1 virus that causes bird flu. This movie was also made available in DVDs, which caused great fear to the people. The movie further exaggerated the threat of the H5N1virus. Conclusion With the advancement in technology, the ethics in the communication and media has greatly fluctuated. This is due to the increase in the number of people using the media sources. There have been great efforts by the government and the media associations but to date their efforts have not brought good results.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Ethic and Contemporary Issues in Multimedia and IT specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Their efforts have been greatly affected by th e fact that media and IT cannot be abolished completely. In day-to-day activities, media and IT has to be involved and in the government. However, more and more efforts need to be inputted to bring a long-term solution that will raise the ethics of media. This will help in maintenance of peace and order as well as to increase the security of the citizens through reduction of cyber crimes. References Kamalipour, Y 2010, Media, power and politics in the digital age: The 2009 presidential uprising in Iran, Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, Maryland. Perebinossoff, P 2008, Real-world media ethics: Inside the broadcast and Entertainment Industries, Elsevier, Oxford. Sharp, J 2011, Egypt: the January 25 revolution and implication for US foreign policy, Congressional Research service, Washington DC.

Class and Its Derivatives

Class and Its Derivatives Class and Its Derivatives Class and Its Derivatives By Mark Nichol The Latin noun classis, meaning â€Å"category† or â€Å"fleet† or referring to a group of citizens called up for military duty, is the source of the word class and others derived from it, which are listed and defined in this post. In educational contexts, class pertains to a group of students (whether those enrolled in a particular course or in the same grade level), a course of instruction, or a meeting of such a course. In a socioeconomic sense, it refers to a stratum of social standing, in science it denotes a level of organization of living things, and in general it refers to a category. The verb class, meaning â€Å"categorize,† is used in the scientific and general senses, and the word serves as an adjective, including in the idiom â€Å"class act,† which offers an additional meaning equivalent to the adjective classy, meaning â€Å"elegant,† â€Å"refined,† â€Å"skillful,† or â€Å"well mannered.† The adjectives first-class and second-class literally pertain to a high and a moderate quality of accommodations during travel, respectively, and figuratively denote superiority and inferiority, respectively. (High-class and low-class are equivalent to the latter meanings.) The nouns â€Å"upper class† (pertaining to the affluent), â€Å"middle class† (those living a moderate lifestyle), and â€Å"lower class† (those with low incomes or none at all) also serve as adjectives. â€Å"Leisure class† refers to people wealthy enough that they are not required to work for a living. â€Å"Working class† describes people employed in jobs that do not necessarily require higher education as an employment qualification. (Underclass is similar in meaning.) The pejorative, condescending expression â€Å"chattering classes† alludes to political opponents who utter what are considered meaningless opinions. Terms related to education with the root class include classmate, referring to one enrolled in the same course or grade level, and classroom, denoting a room used for instruction. An upperclassman is a student in one of the two higher grade levels in secondary or postsecondary education (often identified as a junior or senior), and an underclassman has a standing in one of the two lower levels (a freshman or a sophomore.) (The female equivalents upperclasswoman and underclasswoman are rare.) Several terms based on class allude to a high quality of artistic achievement. Classic, as a noun or an adjective, alludes to something authoritative or typical, or long considered an exemplar of great achievement or high quality, though by extension it now describes anything memorable, even if merely because it is highly amusing or ironic. (â€Å"Did you see her trip and fall into her wedding cake? That was classic!†) â€Å"The classics† describes either the extant works of celebrated Greek and Roman writers or a nebulous body of more recent literature that those who claim to be erudite should be acquainted with. A style of architecture or art, including literature, that calls to mind the characteristics of corollary Greek or Roman achievements is referred to as classicism. Neoclassicism is an esthetic form influenced by classicism, and postclassicism denotes one that follows a period understood to be one of classicism. (The adjectival forms are classical, neoclassical, and postclassical.) Classical music is a form of sophisticated musical expression as distinct from simpler music such as folk or jazz. In terms of quality or social strata, other words derived from class include classism, meaning â€Å"discrimination based on class,† as well as classless, which can refer either to a lack of sophistication thought to be the result of being raised in an inferior class (dà ©classà © is a synonym for this sense adopted directly from French) or to someone who lives outside of class-based strictures or to freedom from class distinctions. Words pertaining to categorization include the verb classify and the adjective classified, which simply means â€Å"arrange into classes† but is also part of the standing phrase â€Å"classified ads† (sometimes truncated to â€Å"classifieds), which refers to advertisements divided into categories; the adjective also describes something categorized as being of restricted to a certain audience, such as a government document. Something that can be classified is classifiable, and classificatory describes something pertaining to classification. To outclass is to outperform someone considered to be in the same class, and a subclass is a further division of a category. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Creative Writing 101Top 11 Writing Apps for iOS (iPhone and iPad)â€Å"Least,† â€Å"Less,† â€Å"More,† and â€Å"Most†

Interaction Analysis Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Interaction Analysis Paper - Essay Example essed his concern about the loneliness he felt at home with nobody to care for him, and how he would be unable to take the medicine in case he dosed off. I promised to visit him at home and call him on phone to remind him of his medication at the precise moments he was supposed to take them. As he had a normal pulse and blood pressure, I applied an ice pack on his forehead to relieve him of the headache, to which he responded positively and confirmed that the headache was gone. I promised to get him examined by the concerned physician before he is allowed to go back to his home, so that he gets reassured psychologically and is not overwhelmed by the task. I watched his expression throughout the procedure and noted the relaxation he felt after being examined and talked to in a friendly manner. Hidden Messages/Themes: The relaxation revealed by his countenance due to the approach adopted was a cue to the inference that his condition was related more to anxiety rather than actual pathology. His positive reaction to examination on the couch revealed that he sought attention from somebody to sympathize with his condition. On being promised a consultation with the physician, he felt more relieved than before. In my opinion the patient just needed a psychological boost to cheer him up as he was confronted with the prospect of being alone at his home again. Reflection: In my opinion, at the very outset it was evident that the patient was feeling apprehensive on being discharged from the hospital. Faced with the daunting task of looking after himself at home, his anxiety manifested in his claim that he had a headache and felt numbness in legs. At this critical juncture, he needed a skilful handling by first agreeing to find a medical cause for his complaint, and then providing him with a cure for his symptoms, which he expected of me as a nurse. The therapeutic communication used in this interaction are, the immediate solution offered to him by examining him on the spot,

Global business strategy case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Global business strategy case - Essay Example The application of management theories helps the organizational management to design appropriate strategies geared towards performance improvements. Additionally, there are customer relationship management models, which provide effective frameworks on how an organization like Marco Polo in Brazil can improve its relationship with their available customers, as well as analyzing the impacts that may be felt when the organization would design ways of reaching more target consumers in China. Proximity, cost, environment, and learning are items of quality consideration in regards to the global management strategies for the company (Lasserre, 2007). This paper investigates the aspect Global Strategic Management, analyzing a case of Marco Polo and the type of plant type of plant. The understanding of such a case is enhanced by the study of its steering for business in China in regards to cost, proximity, environment as well as learning realms. An overview of Global Strategic Management stra tegies at Marco Polo Company The business operations for Marco Polo are based on the 3L’s (location, localization, as well as linkage). They are the major determinants of its success in the global realms. Location of the company at Brazil is suitable for it is central to business operations in the global fields. Its location will enable it to steer to China without transportation and communication challenges. The importance is accompanied by the rationale of location area consideration, in addition to the consideration of the best strategies that suit location of the reinstated business in Brazil. Since Marco Polo Bus Company chooses to invest in China, it will need the application of comprehensive plans in the setting up of its business entity in an acceptable region (Lasserre, 2007). The company has to consider its localisation forces; the consideration of crucial global success features that enable the enhancement of competitive advantage and growth opportunities. These co mpetitive forces are inclusive of cost of commodities, physical and intellectual support resources, proximity, legislation as well as learning and relationship with consumers. The linkage forces for the company portray the scope of global operating businesses in regards to projects handling and production capacity. Nevertheless, the interplay of the forces provides a rationale for the desire of Marco Polo in Brazil to steer business in China (Lasserre, 2007). Marco Polo as a Global plant network and its choice of China Marco Polo can be classified as a contributor factory type of production plant. The factory in Marco Polo is also a lead factory due to its supply to global networks. This company deals with bus manufacture accessories and distributes them to other countries as well as local markets. The possession of procurement offices is a rationale that provides a ground for planning, procurement, as well as management strategies application. The company will have to embrace the i nteraction theory, which implies that market expansion and involvement in the activities in the affairs of others is a rationale for learning and productivity. The act of purchasing raw materials and bus

Nursing research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nursing - Research Paper Example The second step is the selection of participants within the clusters, that is, the participating students who volunteered for the intervention study (Chambers & Skinner, 2003). In determining the sample size, the research selected participants from fixed number of schools, but there was no restriction on the number of students per school. Furthermore, since there was no clear precision or specific characteristics for the sample, the selection method could be referred to unaided judgment. Among the issues related to the sample size is that they were from sixth and seventh grade classes with a mean age of 11.8 years. The purpose of the study is to take the participants through a program that would reduce development of devastating health problems among these participants. Another issue related to sample size is that among the participants, 53.0% were female, and since they were individuals still under adult care, 26.8% lived with both of their parents. Similarly, the selection criteria were based on volunteer by the participants with permission from their parents or guardians, and this also determined the sample size that the researchers ended up with at the end of the day. Moreover, there money was provided in exchange of participation, and given that these were students from low income families, this could have motivated the decision to volunteer, and thus, the sample size. Finally, there is the issue of low-income communities, which made the basis for the research, and thus, relates with the purpose of research. There is a good description of the purpose and all the issues related to this interventions research study. For instance, the intervention program is adequately described from the purpose, objectives, and all the requirements, as well as the participants. The level of measurement for the variables in this research was ordinary level of measurement, which ranges the variables from low to

Lamb to the slaughter by Roal Dahl Essay Example for Free

Lamb to the slaughter by Roal Dahl Essay Detective mystery fiction started in England in the 1790s. Then later in the 1850s to 1860s authors started writing melodramatic thrillers known as sensation novels perhaps one of the best known of the melodramatic thrillers is the stories written by Wilkie Collins who wrote The woman in white. By the late 1800s Conan Doyle wrote stories featuring Sherlock Holmes, this type of story was called mystery fiction, and is undoubtedly the most influential mystery fiction novel of the 1970s. These mystery fiction novels were based on Sherlock Holmes who is a detective in murder cases and has a side kick called Watson who very much admires Sherlock Holmes as being very clever in solving crimes by gathering the evidence. In the book he narrates the story and makes clear Hes admiration for Sherlock Holmes, this is what influenced other writers in the 20th century to writing mystery fiction stories based on the structure of the Sherlock Holmes. And you can still see the work of Conan Doyle being used as structure for modern day stories and film series, such as the well known CSI crime which is set in America and involves a group of homicide detectives who have an important role in using state of the art forensic techniques in order to work out the murders and accomplices, with a twist to the story to make it more interesting. However in replacement to where Conan Doyle uses cunning detective work the makers of CSI use the forensic science more as the way of catching the murderess. Law and Order uses the same concept as CSI crime but is set in a different part of America. The Bill is a popular TV series about a police force that use cunning police work by working together to solve all crimes. Unlike in the stories of Sherlock Holmes or CSI crime The bill uses more then one detective just like in Sherlock Holmes. Another detective story based on the stories of Sherlock Holmes is the TV series called Colombo who is a homicide detective and is very cunning just like Sherlock Holmes. Colombo however unlike other modern detectives is a very unconventional detective because when hes on a case he acts very senseless and seems as though he isnt a very good detective, however towards the end he solves the murder very cunningly. Another modern but unconventional detective story is the TV series Diagnoses murder the main character of this series is a doctor who works at the hospital and like Sherlock Holmes has nothing to do with the local police so he works alone solving murder cases, which are brought in buy the people he treats at the hospital where he works this therefore makes this detective story very unconventional and is not like Sherlock Holmes in that respect. The detective story The Speckled band is conventional as the settings are normal for a murder story if you take in to account the detective who is cunning with a side kick Watson and the victims you can see that the setting and atmosphere are very conventional for a murder detective story. However Holmes is responsible for the death of DR Grimsby Roylott which is unconventional. However the structure is conventional, the readers realize this as the The Speckled band works backwards from the discovery of Mrs. Helen Stoners death. Helen stoners sister goes to meet Sherlock Holmes and Watson to bring to their attention the murder of Mrs. Helen Stoner. Then later we read about the investigation that Holmes and Watson undertake at Stoke Moran. The narration in The Speckled band is two linear which we find out when Helen stoners sister tells Holmes and Watson about the murder It is of her death that I wish to speak to you, and when Watson narrates I was early.fair play. However in the story Lamb to the slaughter the settings are very unconventional and instead seem like an ordinary familys life but the story has a cunning twist and Mary Maloney (the wife) murders her husband (Mr. Maloney) who is a detective. This is most unusual for a murder detective story and so is unconventional considering a detective got killed, the atmosphere and settings along with the detectives who are the police but in the story seem very half-witted and ironic as they eat the evidence and drink the whiskey in the middle of the murder case whilst Mary Maloney gets away with the murder. The structure of the Lamb to the slaughter is unconventional because the pinnacle of the story is when Mary Maloney kills her husband. This makes the storey we read about the crime being committed and not very much of the investigation as we had seen earlier in The Speckled band. The story The Speckled band begins with Watson (Sherlock Holmess side kick) narrating, he brings in to account the case of the Surrey family of the Roylotts of Stoke Moran, the story continues to the murder of Mrs. Helen Stoner who had just recently been engaged but before her death she said that It was the band! The Speckled band. However the readers are kept in to suspense of the murderers identity, but Sherlock Holmes is called in he finds later long thin marking on Mrs. Helen Stoner indicating that if an animal is involved then it must be long and thin. When Sherlock Holmes was first called in for the case he proved to be a very observant detective and starts to suspect that Mrs. Julia Stoners recent engagement is a threat to her life and that the murderer of Mr. Helen Stoner will kill her as she also like Helen is engaged, so the murder of Helen must be linked to her recent engagement, During the story Watson continues to narrate, later Sherlock Holmes and Watson check out the house were the murder took place and Watsons narrative tells the reader how observant Sherlock Holmes is and creates an image of him as being a detective who never leaves a stone unturned. As Sherlock Holmes checks the house he find out that DR Grimsby Roylott had added some peculiar things about the house like a ventilator and a dummy bell rope. After a while Sherlock Holmes pieces up the clues and realizes that there is something wrong about the crime scene. Sherlock Holmes arranges with Mrs. Stoner to shine her lantern through the window from her bed room at the house in Stoke Moran when DR Grimsby Roylott gets in to his bed room at night, when Sherlock Holmes and Watson saw the signal from outside they climb in to the house through the window through to Mrs. Stoners bed room. After a while in Mrs. Julia Stoners bed room they finally hear a dark lantern being lit later they hear what Watson describes as a Soothing sound and then a cry which Watson explains was a The most horrible cry I have ever listened, Sherlock Holmes tells Watson that they should go into DR Grimsby Roylott room where they had heard the sound, when they entered DR Grimsby Roylott room they find that he is dead and appears to be wearing a sparkling chain around his neck but when Sherlock Holmes approaches him they find that it is a live snake which bittern DR Grimsby Roylott and caused his death, Its a swamp adder Sherlock Holmes explains, and then continues to say that . It is the deadliest snake in India and comes to the conclusion that the snake was the speckled band which Helen Stoner said just before she died. So in the end it becomes apparent to Sherlock Holmes that DR Grimsby Roylott was the murderer and his motive was greed over money which his daughters would inherit from him in the event of their marriage which is why Mrs. Helen Stoner was killed as she was engaged. It becomes apparent to the reader that DR Grimsby Roylott was trying on that night to kill Mrs. Stoner but failed as the snake he put through the ventilator was blocked so the snake turned round and attacked DR Grimsby Roylott.

Interior Design Considerations for Retirement Homes :: Place Descriptive Essays

Interior Design Considerations for Retirement Homes At the Waterford, you'll find the freedom to create the lifestyle you've always wanted. Each morning you'll awake to a colorful palette of possibilities from which to paint your day. Enjoy the quiet, muted tones of solitude in your spacious apartment, knowing friends and an attentive staff are close by. You'll always have a wealth of things to do right at your fingertips keeping you as active as you want to be. The Waterford proudly presents a staff of experienced, detail-oriented professionals at your service. From our executive director to our culinary chef, to our housekeepers and wait staff, you'll find warm and friendly people truly concerned about you. The Waterford offers you flexibility and options so you can paint your days with the colors of life (A Place for Mom, 2002). With an environment that seems so appealing, why is there such a negative stigma placed on retirement homes/communities or nursing homes? The idea of spending our retirement in a nursing home is perceived by our society as the most undesirable of options. Three out of one hundred Americans over the age of 65 suffer from depression (National Institute of Mental Health, 2000). A study done at the University of Rhode Island reported that 11% of the residents in the nursing homes examined were suffering from depression (Brown, Lapane, & Luisi, 2002). Another study done at Columbia University reported that 44.2% of the nursing home residents tested showed some symptom of depression with 14.4% of the residents experiencing serious depression (Teresi, Abrams, Holmes, Ramirez, & Eimicke, 2001). Why is the depression rate among the elderly almost four times greater among those living in nursing homes? It could be the work of chance in that many of the residents in nursing homes already have a mental health problem that has made them unable to provide for themselves. Having prior difficulties could make these residents more susceptible to the normal adjustment problems that come along with relocating to a new living environment. Or perhaps it is because the environments nursing homes create are not specifically geared towards the needs of the elderly. With about 5% of people over 65 living in nursing homes this is a serious problem, whether the resident is healthy or not, that should be demanding more attention (Hoyer, Rybash, & Roodin, 1999). There are many factors that could contribute to depression among the aging including illness, loss of close family members, or financial problems.

Oil & Gas Drilling In Alaska Wildlife Refuge

Since the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) was established by the federal government in 1960, the refuge has often been considered a symbol of Alaska's natural bounty. Located in the northeast corner of the state above the Arctic Circle, ANWR contains more than 19 million acres of pristine land, including high mountains, untouched coastline and tundra (cold, dry regions that are covered by snow for most of the year). It is also home to thousands of animal species including polar bears, migratory birds and caribou.ANWR is also believed to contain one of the largest reserves of oil in the U.S., and for years, public officials have been divided over whether private companies should be allowed to tap into that resource. (Easton, 2004) Since ANWR was set aside as a nature preserve, it has been off-limits to oil prospecting.Yet during the past decade, support for drilling the refuge has gradually mounted. Although efforts to open ANWR long went unheeded, in recent years they have gai ned favor among many public officials, bringing the future of the refuge into question.Citing problems such as rising fuel costs and the U.S.'s increasing dependence on foreign sources of fuel, many observers, including President Bush (R), argue that the refuge's oil supplies must be made available to avert future fuel shortages.â€Å"The only way to become less dependent on foreign sources of crude oil is to explore at home,† Bush says. â€Å"And you bet I want to open up a small part of Alaska, because when that field [ANWR] is online, it will produce one million barrels a day.†(Cunningham, 2005)According to supporters, opening ANWR to development would mark an important step toward expanding the U.S.'s fuel reserves and energy supply. In recent years, citizens and businesses have become increasingly reliant on the Internet and other electronic devices, which require large amounts of power.Furthermore, gasoline consumption has remained high to due unchecked automobil e use and the growing popularity of vans, sport utility vehicles and other inefficient car models. Consequently, the nation's demand for energy has far out-paced domestic fuel production, resulting in rising fuel prices and energy shortages.Fossil fuel consumption is expected to increase in the coming decades. Unless the federal government opens ANWR for oil exploration and drilling, supporters argue, fuel shortages will worsen, hampering economic growth and endangering national security.Advocates also contend that private companies can tap into ANWR's oil with minimal damage to the landscape and wildlife. Technological advances, some analysts argue, have enabled oil companies to drill for oil without causing significant environmental damage. (Cunningham, 2005)Therefore, supporters contend, the U.S. should not squander the economic benefits that could be reaped by opening ANWR to oil drilling. Furthermore, they assert, keeping ANWR off-limits to natural resource extraction is a diss ervice to Alaskan citizens, who would benefit greatly from the economic growth that oil exploration would bring to their state. (Easton, 2004)Yet opponents, including many environmental activists, vehemently oppose oil drilling in ANWR. Regardless of how much oil is contained in the refuge, they argue, its unique ecosystems should not be put at risk. Many commentators argue that opening the refuge to oil drilling is a destructive and short-sighted solution to the U.S.'s energy needs.Oil drilling cannot be conducted in an environmentally safe manner, they argue. Rather than squandering natural treasures such as ANWR, opponents say, government officials should instead focus their attention on developing alternative fuel sources and decreasing fossil fuel consumption.Some observers also assert that oil drilling in ANWR would pose a threat to the livelihood of indigenous people that live in or near the refuge. Tribes such as the Gwich'in, which have inhabited the area for thousands of y ears, have long hunted caribou for subsistence and ceremonial purposes. (Lee, 2001)Opening ANWR to oil drilling, opponents argue, would cause environmental damage that would shrink caribou herds, putting the culture and livelihood of many people at risk. Does the U.S. truly need to open ANWR to oil drilling? How would oil drilling affect the people, animals and plants that inhabit ANWR and its environs?Oil vs. NatureThroughout history, Alaska has been known not only for its natural beauty but also for its natural resources. President Dwight Eisenhower (D), in office 1953-61, established ANWR in 1960, shortly after Alaska gained statehood. While setting aside some land for conservation purposes, Eisenhower also opened 20 million acres of the Arctic coastline to oil prospecting and drilling. In 1968, oil was discovered in the Prudhoe Bay oil field, an area to the east of ANWR.The development of Prudhoe Bay generated thousands of new jobs in Alaska and greatly broadened the state's tax revenue base. (Easton, 2004) The opening of the oil field also led to the construction of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline, an 800-mile oil pipeline that runs from Prudhoe Bay to the port of Valdez, a city in southeastern Alaska. The pipeline continues to serve as an important source of oil for the U.S.As Alaskan oil exploration and drilling increased in earnest during the late 1970s, leaders such as President Jimmy Carter (D), in office 1977-81, made efforts to preserve wilderness areas by setting aside land for conservation. In 1978, he created numerous national monuments, making more than 50 million acres of Alaskan wilderness off-limits to development.In 1980, Carter also ratified the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act (ANILCA), a bill that established a system of national parks and nature preserves that covers more than 104 million acres. That law also expanded ANWR to 19 million acres and designated the refuge as part of the National Wilderness Preservation System, a na tionwide network of parks and conservation areas managed by the federal government. (Lovins, 2001)Although ANILCA set aside most of ANWR as a wilderness area, it deferred a decision on the future of a 1.5-million-acre area of the refuge's coastal plain. The area is commonly referred to as the 1002 Area, a name derived from section 1002 of ANILCA, which recognized it as both an enormous source of oil and a valuable wildlife habitat. (Cunningham, 2005)During the early 1980s, the U.S. Interior Department, the federal department responsible for managing public lands owned by the federal government, conducted studies on the potential oil reserves of the 1002 Area. In 1986, information gleaned from those studies was submitted to Congress.In 1987, after concluding that the area contained a substantial amount of oil, the Interior Department recommended that the area be opened to drilling. Some public officials, including many Republicans, used those recommendations to rally support for open ing the area to oil exploration. Supporters argued that oil drilling in the area was essential to broadening the nation's domestic fuel base and fueling economic expansion. (Lee, 2001)In 1989, members of the Senate Energy Committee began to debate opening ANWR to drilling. During the same year, an Exxon Corp. oil tanker, the Exxon Valdez, ran aground in Alaska's Prince Edward Sound, spilling tons of oil and causing severe environmental damage to the area.The incident drew vehement protest over the environmental practices of the oil industry, and public support for oil exploration went into decline. As a result, advocates failed to muster support for legislation that would have lifted the prohibition of oil drilling in the refuge.Yet during the mid-to-late 1990s, after Republicans gained a majority in the House of Representatives, public officials began to reconsider the fate of ANWR. In 1995, for example, both chambers of Congress passed a budget bill that would have opened ANWR to oil exploration.However, President Clinton (D), in office from 1993 to 2001, vetoed that bill, and in subsequent years, his administration continued to oppose similar legislation. Before leaving office, Clinton administration officials also considered designating ANWR a national monument, but that action was never taken. (Easton, 2004)During the 2000 presidential race, the fate of ANWR became a central issue in the campaigns of both major candidates. While Vice President Al Gore (D) vowed to block efforts to open ANWR to oil exploration, Bush announced his fervent support for such measures. Whereas Gore argued that the refuge should be preserved, Bush declared a commitment to increasing oil exploration and drilling in order to expand the nation's fuel supply.Although Bush has yet to introduce or sign legislation that would lift the ban on drilling in ANWR, he has continued to voice support for such measures. (Cunningham, 2005) In addition, shortly after taking office he appointed Ga le Norton, a strong advocate of ANWR oil exploration, as secretary of the Interior Department. Meanwhile, many Democrats have vowed to vigorously oppose any attempts to open ANWR to drilling, and the future of the refuge remains a divisive issue.